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MEDICAL HISTORY 2010,Jul,01;54(3):295-314 (PMCID: 2889456)
[...] uncertainty to enlightened understanding is added the subsequent quest to establish the chemical and physiological processes by which the lack of vitamin B1 (thiamine) causes beriberi. This is a history that has been written in terms of the emergence of nutritional science, as a seminal episode in the history of tropical medicine, [...] [...] civil jails in the Madras Presidency in the 1820s and 1830s was relatively low even in the districts where beriberi was considered endemic and that for a disease seen primarily to afflict middle-aged men[...] [...]In India the principal opponent of the milled-rice hypothesis was J W D Megaw of the Indian Medical Service. Successively Director of the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine (1921–28), Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals in the Punjab (1928), [...]
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plosmed 2010,Jun,01;7(6) (PMCID: 2888572, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000295)
[...]Low coverage, poor quality, and inequities in the provision of essential MNCH interventions remain a challenge in many sub-Saharan African countries [2],[12]. With an average of only 42% of births occurring in health facilities, there is a coverage gap for obstetric care [13].[...] [...] care, and prompt detection and referral for illness, which can be done as an outreach service through home visits delivered by community health workers [34]. For children, preventive practices, including immunizations, vitamin A supplementation, and distribution of insecticide-treated mosquito nets, are essential outreach interventions. Counseling on breastfeeding and [...]
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plosmed 2010,Jun,01;7(6) (PMCID: 2888581, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000294)
[...]However, progress in several low-income countries demonstrates that the MDGs could still be attained through immediate strategic investments in selected evidence-based interventions and targeted health systems strengthening. Many countries are at a tipping point and now is the critical time to use local data to set priorities and accelerate action.[...] [...]'s risk of dying from infections. With over 31 million African children underweight, the nutritional risk factors—including vitamin A and zinc deficiencies and suboptimal breastfeeding—contribute to more than one-third of postneonatal child deaths [27].[...]
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royptb 2010,May,27;365(1546):1537-1556 (PMCID: 2871915, DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0117)
[...]Genes related to tubular restructuring, cell junction dynamics, the cytoskeleton, solute transportation and vitamin A metabolism are prominently present. Further research will be needed to decide which of these genes are physiologically relevant and to identify genes that can be used as diagnostic tools or targets to modulate the effects of androgens in [...] [...]A widely used experimental paradigm to study the effects of androgens on spermatid adhesion and development are rats treated with silastic implants releasing low doses of T and oestradiol (TE implants). The main effect of these implants is that they suppress LH secretion and reduce testicular [...] [...]transgenic models confirm the critical role of androgens in the control of meiosis (see §5b,d).
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Curr Atheroscler Rep 2010,May,15;12(4):217-224 (PMCID: 2878594, DOI: 10.1007/s11883-010-0113-8)
[...] experts believe the likelihood of stroke from most prothrombotic states seems to be relatively low. However, the risk may tend to increase in the setting of additional risk factors. Children[...], it is reasonable to evaluate for elevated serum homocysteine levels and the more common prothrombotic states, and start folate, vitamin B6, or vitamin B12 if homocysteine is found to be elevated. It is also reasonable to discontinue oral contraceptives in adolescents after an ischemic or [...]
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Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2010,Apr,28;12(3):215-222 (PMCID: 2874026, DOI: 10.1007/s11894-010-0108-1)
[...]However, no such association has been reported for humans [15]. A role for vitamin A deficiency in the development of EA/TEF has also been suggested. A vitamin A[...] [...] and controls will provide an alternative approach that could reveal low-frequency alleles that influence disease susceptibility [48]. In addition, next generation sequencing will soon be an excellent tool in the search for new pathogenic mutations and copy number variations [49].[...]
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Curr Hypertens Rep 2010,Apr,22;12(3):154-161 (PMCID: 2876260, DOI: 10.1007/s11906-010-0103-9)
[...]Interestingly, the membrane-bound catalytic subunits gp91phox and p22phox, which together form the heterodimeric flavocytochrome b558, already contain the complete catalytic machinery for the electron transfer from NADPH to O2, and a basal, albeit low, production of superoxide radicals has been observed even in the absence of NOX stimulators. The cytosolic subunits have regulatory functions related to organization ([...] Based on the antioxidant chromanol moiety of vitamin E (α-tocopherol), quaternary ammonium analogues of α-tocopherol were developed and have been proven to successfully decrease the [...]
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Curr Hepat Rep 2010,Apr,21;9(2):75-90 (PMCID: 2861763, DOI: 10.1007/s11901-010-0039-1)
[...] and death. Mutations in the tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate (YMDD) motif occur frequently and confer genotypic resistance to LAM. Lamivudine is now considered second-line therapy for treatment naïve patients due to this resistance pattern.[...] [...] have also been described in HIV patients taking tenofovir. Bone density measurements and calcium and vitamin D supplementation are recommended in patients taking tenofovir for HIV. The experience with tenofovir in CHB[...] |
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ageing 2010,Jul,01;39(4):412-423 (PMCID: 2886201, DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afq034)
For the diagnosis of sarcopenia, EWGSOP recommends using the presence of both low muscle mass + low muscle function (strength or performance). EWGSOP variously applies these characteristics to further define conceptual stages as ‘presarcopenia’, ‘sarcopenia’ and ‘severe sarcopenia’.[...] [...] What amounts of macronutrients are needed for older people with or at risk for sarcopenia, especially protein and specific amino acids? What micronutrients, e.g. vitamin D, play important roles in protecting and building lean body mass? And does the timing for intake of meals and/or dietary supplements make a difference?.[...] |
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Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med 2010,Apr,10;12(3):250-260 (PMCID: 2860552, DOI: 10.1007/s11936-010-0069-6)
[...] may be necessary to simultaneously prevent thrombus formation in the left atrium and arteries [1]. Combining low-dose oral anticoagulation with aspirin appears to add relatively little protection against stroke compared with aspirin alone in patients with AF, whereas the combination of aspirin[...] [...]ACTIVE-A followed an approach similar to that of ACTIVE-W but selected patients with AF for whom therapy with a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) was considered unsuitable. ACTIVE-A randomly assigned patients to receive clopidogrel plus aspirin or [...]
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